The field of fiber optics refers to the application of optical fibers as a data communication solution. These optical fibers are composed of silica glass or, less commonly, plastic fibers which carry light along their length in order to transmit data. Optical fibers use a process called “total internal reflection�, which contains the light signal within the core of the fiber, acting as a sort of guide to direct the signal towards its desired destination, with little to no signal loss.

This technology allows data transmission over longer distances and at higher speeds than other, traditional forms of communication, such as copper wires or coaxial cables, while reducing the amount of information loss associated with data transmission.

Fiber optic systems are much more efficient than coaxial and copper mediums because there is far less loss of data. This can be attributed to the design of optical fibers and, more specifically, the principle of total internal reflection that they use. The cladding used in fiber optic systems also greatly increases the effectiveness of data transmission. Because of this innovation, coupled with the total internal reflection, there is no crosstalk between cables.

Fiber optic systems are one of the safest forms of data transmission in terms of fire prevention. Metal wire forms of transmission can create sparks, causing shorts and in some cases, fire. Since optical fibers use light rather than electricity to carry signals, there is no chance of starting an electrical fire. This simple fact makes fiber optics an extremely safe form of wiring, especially when compared to more dangerous traditional wire alternatives.